abakhiqizi bezingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Manje sekunabaphakeli abaningi, abadayisi, amafektri, izimboni kanye nezohwebo. Njengoba kunabaphakeli abaningi kangaka, singayithola kanjani i-umhlinzeki ofanelekilekithi? Ungalandela amaphuzu ambalwa.
01Isitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwezimali
Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi abahlinzeki bakho bafanelekile njengoba bebabonisa ku-PPT?
Ukuqinisekiswa kwabahlinzeki ngabantu besithathu kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo nezindinganiso zamakhasimende ziyahlangatshezwa ngokuqinisekisa izinqubo zokusebenza kokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphathwa kwemibhalo.
Isitifiketi sigxile ezindleleni, ikhwalithi, ukulethwa, ukulungiswa, ukuphepha kanye nemvelo.Nge-ISO, isitifiketi sesici semboni noma ikhodi kaDun, ukuthengwa kungahlola ngokushesha abahlinzeki.
02Hlola isimo sezwe sezepolitiki
Njengoba impi yezohwebo phakathi kweShayina ne-US ikhula, abanye abathengi bashintshele amehlo abo emazweni angabizi kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njengeVietnam, iThailand neCambodia.
Abahlinzeki kula mazwe banganikeza amanani aphansi, kodwa ingqalasizinda ebuthaka, ubudlelwano bezisebenzi kanye nokungalawuleki kwezepolitiki kungavimbela ukunikezwa okuzinzile.
NgoJanuwari 2010, iqembu lezombusazwe laseThailand lathatha izintambo eSuvarnabhumi International Airport enhloko-dolobha, lamisa yonke imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthumela izinto eBangkok, kodwa laya emazweni angomakhelwane kuphela.
NgoMeyi 2014, ukushaya, ukushaya, ukuphanga kanye nokushisa abatshalizimali bangaphandle kanye namabhizinisi eVietnam. Amanye amabhizinisi nabasebenzi baseShayina, okuhlanganisa iTaiwan neHong Kong, kanye namabhizinisi aseSingapore naseNingizimu Korea, athinteka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, okwabangela ukulahlekelwa yimpilo kanye nempahla.
Ingozi yokuphakelwa endaweni idinga ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokukhetha umhlinzeki.
03Hlola ukuthi ziphilile yini ngokwezimali
Ukuthengwa kwempahla kudinga ukunaka isimo sezimali somhlinzeki, futhi akufanele kulinde kuze kube yilapho olunye uhlangothi luba nezinkinga zebhizinisi.
Kufana nangaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba, kunezimpawu ezithile ezingavamile, kanye nezimpawu ezithile ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezimali somhlinzeki sihambe kabi.
Njengokushiya abaphathi njalo, ikakhulukazi labo abaphethe amabhizinisi abo ayinhloko. Isilinganiso sezikweletu eziphezulu zabahlinzeki singaholela ekucindezelweni okukhulu kwemali, futhi iphutha elincane lizobangela ukuqhekeka kochungechunge lwemali. Ezinye izimpawu zingase zibe ukwehla kwamazinga okulethwa ngesikhathi kanye nekhwalithi, amaholide angakhokhelwa isikhathi eside noma ngisho nokuxoshwa okukhulu, izindaba ezimbi zenhlalo ezivela kubaphathi babahlinzeki, njalo njalo.
04 Hlola izingozi ezihlobene nesimo sezulu
Ukukhiqiza akuyona imboni encike esimweni sezulu, kodwa isimo sezulu sisathinta ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Izivunguvungu ezindaweni ezisogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga njalo ehlobo zizothinta abahlinzeki ezifundazweni zaseFujian, Zhejiang naseGuangdong.
Izinhlekelele ezahlukahlukene zesibili ngemva kokufika kwesiphepho zizobangela izinsongo ezinkulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu ekukhiqizweni, ekusebenzeni, ekuthuthweni nasekuphepheni komuntu siqu.
Uma ukhetha umhlinzeki ongaba khona, ukuthengwa kwempahla kudingeka kuhlole izimo zezulu ezivamile endaweni, kuhlolwe ingozi yokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwempahla, nokuthi umhlinzeki unalo yini uhlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma kwenzeka inhlekelele yemvelo, indlela yokusabela ngokushesha, ukuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqiza, nokugcina ibhizinisi elijwayelekile.
05Qinisekisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhiqiza
Abanye abahlinzeki abakhulu bazoba nezisekelo zokukhiqiza noma izindawo zokugcina impahla emazweni nasezifundeni eziningi, okuzonikeza abathengi izinketho eziningi. Izindleko zokuhamba nezinye izindleko ezihlobene nazo zizohluka ngokwendawo yokuthunyelwa. Ibanga lokuhamba lizoba nomthelela nesikhathi sokulethwa. Uma isikhathi sokulethwa sifushane, kulapho izindleko zokugcina impahla zomthengi ziphansi, futhi kungasabela ngokushesha ekushintsheni kwesidingo semakethe, futhi kugweme ukushoda kwezimpahla kanye nempahla evilaphayo.
Izisekelo eziningi zokukhiqiza nazo zinganciphisa ukushoda kwamandla. Uma kwenzeka isithiyo sesikhashana somthamo embonini, abahlinzeki bangahlela ukukhiqiza kwamanye amafektri angenawo amandla anele.
Uma izindleko zokuthutha zomkhiqizo zibiza izindleko eziphezulu zokubamba, umhlinzeki kumele acabangele ukwakha ifektri eduze kwendawo yekhasimende. Abahlinzeki bezingilazi zezimoto namathayi ngokuvamile bamisa amafektri azungeze i-oEMS ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende ze-JIT.
Ngezinye izikhathi umhlinzeki unezisekelo eziningi zokukhiqiza.
06Thola ukubonakala kwedatha yesitoko
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu ze-Vs ezidumile esulweni lokuphathwa kwe-supply chain, ngokulandelana kwazo:
Ukubonakala, ukubonakala
Ijubane, Isivinini
Ukuguquguquka, Ukuguquguquka
Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ukwandisa ukubonakala kanye nesivinini sochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nokuzivumelanisa noshintsho. Ngokuthola idatha yokugcina yezinto ezibalulekile zomhlinzeki, umthengi angazi indawo yezimpahla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuvimbela ingozi yokuphelelwa yisitoko.
07Phenya ukuqina kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka
Uma isidingo somthengi sishintshashintsha, umhlinzeki kudingeka alungise uhlelo lokunikezela ngesikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi i-agility ye-supply chain yomhlinzeki kufanele ihambe kahle kangakanani.
Ngokusho kwencazelo yemodeli yereferensi yokusebenza kwe-SCOR supply chain, i-agility ichazwa njengezilinganiso ezintathu ezahlukene, okuyilezi:
① okusheshayo
Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, okudinga izinsuku ezingaki, kungafinyelela ukwanda komthamo okungu-20%.
② isilinganiso
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu kokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu, ezinsukwini ezingama-30, amandla okukhiqiza angafinyelela inani eliphezulu.
③ ukuwa
Ukuguquguquka Kokuguquguquka Okubi, zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30, ukuncishiswa kwe-oda ngeke kuthinteke, uma ukuncishiswa kwe-oda kukhulu kakhulu, abahlinzeki bazoba nezikhalazo eziningi, noma ukudlulisela amandla kwamanye amakhasimende.
Ukuze aqonde ukushesha kokuphakelwa kwabaphakeli, umthengi angaqonda amandla omunye umuntu ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ahlole inani lomthamo wokuphakelwa kusenesikhathi.
08Hlola izibopho zesevisi kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende
Lungiselela okubi kakhulu futhi ulungiselele okuhle kakhulu. Umthengi udinga ukuhlola nokuhlola izinga lenkonzo yamakhasimende lomhlinzeki ngamunye.
Ukuthengwa kwempahla kudinga ukusayina isivumelwano sokulethwa kwempahla nomhlinzeki, ukuqinisekisa izinga lenkonzo yokulethwa kwempahla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemigomo ejwayelekile, imininingwane phakathi kwabaphakeli bokuthengwa kwempahla nezinto zokusetshenziswa, mayelana nemithetho yokulethwa kwempahla, njengokubikezela, i-oda, ukulethwa kwempahla, amadokhumenti, imodi yokulayisha, imvamisa yokulethwa kwempahla, isikhathi sokulinda ukulethwa kwempahla kanye nezinga lelebula lokupakisha, njalo njalo.
09Thola izibalo zesikhathi sokulethwa kanye nokulethwa
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhathi esifushane sokulethwa kwe-lead singanciphisa izinga lezindleko zokubamba impahla yomthengi kanye nezinga lokuphepha kwempahla, futhi singasabela ngokushesha ekushintsheni kwesidingo esingezansi.
Umthengi kufanele azame ukukhetha umhlinzeki onesikhathi esifushane sokuhola.Ukusebenza kokulethwa kuyisihluthulelo sokulinganisa ukusebenza komhlinzeki, futhi uma umhlinzeki ehluleka ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nesilinganiso sokulethwa ngesikhathi, kusho ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso asikatholi ukunakwa okufanele.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, umhlinzeki angakwazi ukulandelela ngenkuthalo isimo sokulethwa futhi aphendule ngesikhathi esifanele ngezinkinga enkambisweni yokulethwa, okuzowina ukwethenjwa komthengi.
10Qinisekisa imibandela yokukhokha
Izinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zinemigomo efanayo yokukhokha, njengezinsuku ezingama-60, izinsuku ezingama-90 ngemuva kokuthola ama-invoyisi. Ngaphandle kokuthi elinye iqembu lihlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa okunzima ukuzithola, umthengi uzimisele kakhulu ukukhetha umhlinzeki ovumelana nemigomo yakhe yokukhokha.
Lawa amakhono ayi-10 engiwafingqele wona. Uma wenza amasu okuthenga nokukhetha abahlinzeki, ungacabanga ngalawa macebiso bese uthuthukisa “amehlo abukhali”.
Ekugcineni, ngizokutshela indlela encane yokukhetha abahlinzeki, okungukuthi, ukusithumelela umlayezo ngqo, uzothola ngokusheshaumhlinzeki wezingubo ongcono kakhulu, ukusiza umkhiqizo wakho ezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-25-2024
