Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwesikrini njengesisekelo sepuleti, futhi ngendlela yokwenza ipuleti elinozwela ukukhanya, okwenziwe ngepuleti lokuphrinta kwesikrini lezithombe. Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kuqukethe izinto ezinhlanu, ipuleti lesikrini, i-scraper, uyinki, ithebula lokuphrinta kanye ne-substrate. Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudala ubuciko.
1. Kuyiniukuphrinta kwesikrini
Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kuyinqubo yokudlulisa umklamo we-stencil endaweni eyisicaba usebenzisa isikrini, uyinki, kanye ne-scraper. Indwangu nephepha yizindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuphrinta isikrini, kodwa usebenzisa uyinki okhethekile, kungenzeka futhi ukuphrinta ngokhuni, insimbi, ipulasitiki ngisho nengilazi. Indlela eyisisekelo ihilela ukudala isikhunta esikrinini esine-mesh encane bese ufaka intambo kuyinki (noma upende, uma kwenziwa umsebenzi wobuciko namaphosta) kuyo ukuze uprinte umklamo endaweni engezansi.
Le nqubo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuphrinta kwesikrini" noma "ukuphrinta kwesikrini," futhi yize inqubo yokuphrinta yangempela ihlala ifana kakhulu, indlela i-stencil edalwe ngayo ingahluka, kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Amasu ahlukene ethempulethi afaka:
Setha inkawu noma i-vinyl ukuze imboze indawo oyifunayo yesikrini.
Sebenzisa "isivimbeli sesikrini" njengeglue noma upende ukuze upende isikhunta kugridi.
Dala i-stencil usebenzisa i-emulsion yezithombe, bese uthuthukisa i-stencil ngendlela efana nesithombe (ungafunda kabanzi ngalokhu kumhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo).
Imiklamo eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa amasu okuphrinta isikrini ingasebenzisa uyinki owodwa noma embalwa kuphela. Ezintweni ezinemibala eminingi, umbala ngamunye kumele usetshenziswe ngeleveli ehlukile kanye nethempulethi ehlukile esetshenziswa uyinki ngamunye.
2. Kungani kufanele usebenzise ukuphrinta kwesikrini
Esinye sezizathu ezenza ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta isikrini busetshenziswe kabanzi ukuthi bukhiqiza imibala egqamile ngisho nasezindwangu ezimnyama. Uyinki noma upende nakho kutholakala ngezendlalelo eziningi ebusweni bendwangu noma ephepheni, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza ingxenye ephrintiwe ukuthinta okwanelisayo.
Lobu buchwepheshe buyathandwa ngoba buvumela abaphrinta ukuthi bakopishe kalula imiklamo izikhathi eziningi. Njengoba umklamo ungakopishwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kusetshenziswa isikhunta esifanayo, kuyasiza ekudaleni amakhophi amaningi engubo noma isesekeli esifanayo. Uma kuqhutshwa iphrinta enolwazi kusetshenziswa imishini yobungcweti, kungenzeka futhi ukudala imiklamo yemibala eyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba ubunzima benqubo busho ukuthi inani lemibala iphrinta engayisebenzisa lilinganiselwe, linamandla amakhulu kunalokho okungafezwa ngokusebenzisa ukuphrinta kwedijithali kuphela.
Ukunyathelisa isikrini kuyindlela ethandwayo phakathi kwabaculi nabaklami ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza imibala ecacile nezithombe ezicacile. Ngaphezu kuka-Andy Warhol, abanye abaculi abaziwa ngokusebenzisa kwabo ukunyathelisa isikrini bahlanganisa uRobert Rauschenberg, uBen Shahn, u-Eduardo Paolozzi, uRichard Hamilton, uRB Kitaj, uHenri Matisse noRichard Estes.
3. Izinyathelo zenqubo yokuphrinta isikrini
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuphrinta kwesikrini, kodwa zonke zihilela amasu afanayo ayisisekelo. Uhlobo lokuphrinta esizoxoxa ngalo ngezansi lusebenzisa i-emulsion ekhethekile esabela ekukhanyeni ukudala ama-stencil enziwe ngokwezifiso; Ngenxa yokuthi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-stencil ayinkimbinkimbi, ivame ukuba uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lokuphrinta kwezentengiselwano.
Isinyathelo 1: Umklamo uyadalwa
Okokuqala, iphrinta ithatha umklamo abafuna ukuwudala kumkhiqizo wokugcina, bese iwuphrinta kwifilimu ecacile ye-acetic acid. Lokhu kuzosetshenziselwa ukudala isikhunta.
Isinyathelo 2: Lungisa isikrini
Okulandelayo, iphrinta ikhetha isikrini se-mesh ukuze sivumelane nobunzima bomklamo kanye nokuthungwa kwendwangu ephrintiwe. Isikrini sibe sesimbozwa nge-emulsion e-photoreactive eqina uma ithuthukiswa ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhulu.
Isinyathelo 3: Veza iloshini
Ishidi le-acetate elinalolu hlobo lomklamo libe selibekwa esikrinini esimbozwe nge-emulsion bese wonke umkhiqizo uvezwa ekukhanyeni okukhulu kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwenza i-emulsion ibe lukhuni, ngakho ingxenye yesikrini embozwe umklamo ihlala iwuketshezi.
Uma umklamo wokugcina uzoba nemibala eminingi, isikrini esihlukile kumele sisetshenziswe ukufaka ungqimba ngalunye lweyinki. Ukuze kudalwe imikhiqizo enemibala eminingi, iphrinta kumele isebenzise amakhono ayo ukuklama ithempulethi ngayinye futhi iyihlele kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo wokugcina awunamthungo.
Isinyathelo 4: Geza i-emulsion ukuze wenze i-stencil
Ngemva kokuveza isikrini isikhathi esithile, izindawo zesikrini ezingamboziwe umklamo zizoqina. Bese ugeza ngokucophelela yonke iloshini engakaqini. Lokhu kushiya uphawu olucacile lomklamo esikrinini ukuze uyinki udlule.
Isikrini sizomiswa bese iphrinta izokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthinta noma ukulungisa okudingekayo ukuze umbhalo usondele kakhulu kumklamo wokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka. Manje ungasebenzisa isikhunta.
Isinyathelo 5: Into isilungele ukuphrintwa
Isikrini sibe sesibekwa kumshini wokunyathelisa. Into noma ingubo ezonyatheliswa ibekwa phansi epuletini lokunyathelisa ngaphansi kwesikrini.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokunyathelisa, kokubili ngesandla kanye ne-othomathikhi, kodwa iningi lemishini yokunyathelisa yezentengiselwano yesimanje izosebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa wediski ojikelezayo ozishintshayo, njengoba lokhu kuvumela izikrini eziningana ezahlukene ukuthi zisebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokunyathelisa imibala, le phrinta ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka izendlalelo zombala ngazinye ngokulandelana okusheshayo.
Isinyathelo 6: Cindezela uyinki esikrinini uye entweni
Isikrini siwela ebhodini eliphrintiwe. Faka uyinki phezulu kwesikrini bese usebenzisa i-scraper yokumunca ukuze udonse uyinki kulo lonke ubude besikrini. Lokhu kucindezela uyinki endaweni evulekile yethempulethi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqoshwe umklamo kumkhiqizo ongezansi.
Uma iphrinta idala izinto eziningi, phakamisa isikrini bese ubeka izingubo ezintsha epuletini lokuphrinta. Bese uphinda inqubo.
Uma zonke izinto seziphrintiwe futhi ithempulethi isiyifezile injongo yayo, isisombululo esikhethekile sokuhlanza singasetshenziswa ukususa i-emulsion ukuze isikrini siphinde sisetshenziswe ukudala ithempulethi entsha.
Isinyathelo 7: Yomisa umkhiqizo, hlola bese uqeda
Umkhiqizo ophrintiwe ube usudluliswa ngomshini wokomisa, "owelapha" uyinki futhi ukhiqize umphumela wobuso obubushelelezi, obungabuni. Ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo wokugcina udluliselwe kumnikazi omusha, uyahlolwa futhi uhlanzwe kahle ukuze kususwe zonke izinsalela.
4. Amathuluzi okuphrinta isikrini
Ukuze kutholakale amaphrinta ahlanzekile futhi acacile, imishini yokunyathelisa isikrini kudingeka ibe namathuluzi afanele ukuqedela umsebenzi. Lapha, sizoxoxa ngedivayisi ngayinye yokunyathelisa isikrini, kufaka phakathi indima eyidlalayo enqubweni yokunyathelisa.
| umshini wokuphrinta isikrini |
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuphrinta isikrini usebenzisa i-mesh mesh kanye ne-squeegee kuphela, iningi labaphrinta likhetha ukusebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa ngoba ubavumela ukuthi baphrinte izinto eziningi ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umshini wokunyathelisa ubamba isikrini endaweni yaso phakathi kokunyathelisa, okwenza kube lula ngomsebenzisi ukushintsha iphepha noma izingubo ezizonyatheliswa.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemishini yokunyathelisa: eyesandla, ezenzakalelayo kanye ne-othomathikhi. Imishini yokunyathelisa ngesandla isebenza ngesandla, okusho ukuthi inzima kakhulu. Imishini yokunyathelisa ezenzakalelayo isetshenziswa ngomshini kancane, kodwa isadinga ukufakwa ngabantu ukushintshanisa izinto ezicindezelwe, kuyilapho imishini yokunyathelisa ezenzakalelayo isebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele futhi ayidingi ukufakwa okuningi.
Amabhizinisi adinga inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi okunyathelisa avame ukusebenzisa imishini yokunyathelisa ezenzakalelayo noma ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ngoba inganyathelisa ngokushesha, ngempumelelo enkulu futhi ngamaphutha amancane. Izinkampani ezincane noma izinkampani ezisebenzisa ukunyathelisa kwesikrini njengento yokuzilibazisa zingathola imishini yokunyathelisa yedeskithophu ngesandla (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi imishini yokunyathelisa "yesandla") ifaneleka kangcono izidingo zazo.
uyinki
Uyinki, i-pigment, noma upende ucindezelwa esikrinini se-mesh bese ungena entweni ezophrintwa, udlulisela umbala womklamo we-stencil kumkhiqizo.
Ukukhetha uyinki akukhona nje ukukhetha umbala, kunezinketho eziningi ezengeziwe. Kuneziningi izinki zobungcweti ezingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imiphumela ehlukene kumkhiqizo oqediwe. Isibonelo, amaphrinta angasebenzisa izinki ezikhanyayo, izinki eziguquliwe, noma izinki ezikhukhumele (ezikhula ukuze zakhe indawo ephakanyisiwe) ukuze kuvele ukubukeka okuhlukile. Iphrinta izocabangela nohlobo lwendwangu yokuphrinta kwesikrini, njengoba ezinye izinki zisebenza kahle kwezinye izinto kunezinye.
Uma uphrinta izingubo, iphrinta izosebenzisa uyinki ogezwa ngomshini ngemva kokulungiswa nokulungiswa ngokushisa. Lokhu kuzoholela ezintweni ezingabuni, ezigqokwa isikhathi eside ezingagqokwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
| isikrini |
Isikrini ekuphrinteni kwesikrini siwuhlaka lwensimbi noma lokhuni olumbozwe ngendwangu enezinti ezincane. Ngokwesiko, le mesh yayenziwe ngentambo yesilika, kodwa namuhla, ithathelwe indawo yi-polyester fiber, enikeza ukusebenza okufanayo ngentengo ephansi. Ubukhulu kanye nenombolo yentambo ye-mesh kungakhethwa ukuze kufanelane nendawo ezophrintwa noma ukuthungwa kwendwangu, futhi isikhala phakathi kwemigqa sincane, ukuze kutholakale imininingwane eyengeziwe ekuphrinteni.
Ngemva kokuba isikrini simbozwe nge-emulsion futhi sivezwe, singasetshenziswa njengethempulethi. Ngemva kokuba inqubo yokuphrinta isikrini isiqediwe, singahlanzwa futhi sisetshenziswe kabusha.
| umkrweli |
I-scraper iyi-scraper yerabha enamathiselwe ebhodini lokhuni, isibambo sensimbi noma sepulasitiki. Isetshenziselwa ukusunduza uyinki esikrinini se-mesh bese ingena endaweni ezophrintwa. Abaphrinta bavame ukukhetha i-scraper efana nosayizi nohlaka lwesikrini ngoba inikeza ukumbozwa okungcono.
Isikrwela senjoloba esiqinile silungele kakhulu ukuphrinta imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi enemininingwane eminingi, njengoba siqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amakhona nezikhala esikhumbeni zimunca ungqimba lweyinki ngokulinganayo. Uma kunyatheliswa imiklamo engacacisiwe kakhulu noma kunyatheliswa endwangu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa isikrwela senjoloba esithambile nesikhiqizayo.
| Isiteshi sokuhlanza |
Izikrini zidinga ukuhlanzwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa ukuze kususwe yonke iminonjana ye-emulsion, ukuze zingasetshenziswa futhi ekuphrinteni kamuva. Ezinye izindawo ezinkulu zokunyathelisa zingasebenzisa ama-vats anoketshezi olukhethekile lokuhlanza noma i-asidi ukususa i-emulsion, kanti ezinye zisebenzisa isinki noma isinki kanye nepayipi likagesi kuphela ukuhlanza isikrini.
5. Ingabe uyinki wokuphrinta isikrini uzosuswa?
Uma ingubo iphrintwe kahle nguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe esebenzisa uyinki ohlanzwa ngokushisa, umklamo akufanele uhlanzwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umbala awupheli, iphrinta idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyinki usethwe ngokweziqondiso zomenzi. Izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nesikhathi sokumisa kuncike ohlotsheni lweyinki kanye nendwangu esetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke imiyalelo idinga ukulandelwa uma iphrinta izodala into ehlala isikhathi eside ehlanzwa.
6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokunyathelisa kwesikrini nokunyathelisa kwedijithali?
Ukuphrinta kwedijithali okulungele ukugqokwa ngqo (i-DTG) kusebenzisa iphrinta yendwangu ezinikele (efana nephrinta yekhompyutha ye-inkjet) ukudlulisa izithombe ngqo ezindwangu. Kuhlukile ekuphrinteni kwesikrini ngokuthi iphrinta yedijithali isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umklamo ngqo endwangu. Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho i-stencil, imibala eminingi ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kunokuba kudingeke kufakwe imibala eminingi ngqimbeni ehlukile, okusho ukuthi le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi noma enemibala kakhulu.
Ngokungafani nokuphrinta kwesikrini, ukuphrinta kwedijithali akudingi ukusetha okuningi, okusho ukuthi ukuphrinta kwedijithali kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu lapho kuphrinta amaqoqo amancane ezingubo noma izinto ezizodwa. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isebenzisa izithombe zekhompyutha esikhundleni samathempulethi, ilungele ukwenza izithombe noma imiklamo enemininingwane eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi umbala uphrintwa kusetshenziswa amachashazi ombala wesitayela se-CMYK kunoyinki wombala omsulwa, ayikwazi ukunikeza ubukhali bombala obufanayo nokuphrinta kwesikrini. Awukwazi futhi ukusebenzisa iphrinta yedijithali ukudala imiphumela ethambile.
Ifektri Yezingubo zaseSiyinghonguneminyaka eyi-15 yesipiliyoni kwezembatho, futhi uneminyaka eyi-15 yesipiliyoni embonini yokunyathelisa. Singakunikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe sokunyathelisa ama-logo amasampula akho/izimpahla eziningi, futhi sincome izindlela ezifanele zokunyathelisa ukuze wenze amasampula akho/izimpahla eziningi ziphelele kakhudlwana. Ungakwazixhumana nathingokushesha!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-21-2023
