Ukuphrinta isikrini kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwesikrini njengesisekelo sepuleti, nangendlela yokwenza amapuleti e-photosensitive, enziwe ngepuleti lokuphrinta lesikrini sezithombe. Ukuphrinta isikrini kuqukethe izinto ezinhlanu, ipuleti lesikrini, i-scraper, uyinki, ithebula lokuphrinta ne-substrate. Ukuphrinta isikrini kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudala ubuciko.
1. Yiniukuphrinta kwesikrini
Ukuphrinta isikrini kuyinqubo yokudlulisa idizayini ye-stencil endaweni eyisicaba usebenzisa isikrini, uyinki, kanye ne-scraper. Indwangu nephepha yizindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuphrinta isikrini, kodwa kusetshenziswa oyinki abakhethekile, kungenzeka futhi ukuphrinta ngokhuni, insimbi, ipulasitiki ngisho nengilazi. Indlela eyisisekelo ihilela ukwenza isikhunta esikrinini semeshi emihle bese ufaka uyinki (noma upende, esimweni somsebenzi wobuciko namaphosta) ngawo ukuze uphrinte umklamo endaweni engezansi.
Inqubo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuphrinta kwesikrini" noma "ukuphrinta kwesikrini," futhi nakuba inqubo yangempela yokuphrinta ihlala ifana kakhulu, indlela eyenziwe ngayo i-stencil ingahluka, kuye ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe. Izindlela ezihlukene zesifanekiso zihlanganisa:
Setha inkawu noma i-vinyl ukumboza indawo oyifunayo yesikrini.
Sebenzisa "i-screen blocker" njengeglue noma upende ukuze upende isikhunta kugridi.
Dala i-stencil usebenzisa i-emulsion yezithombe, bese uthuthukisa i-stencil ngendlela efanayo nesithombe (ungafunda kabanzi ngalokhu kumhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo).
Amadizayini enziwe kusetshenziswa amasu okuphrinta isikrini angasebenzisa i-inki eyodwa kuphela noma ambalwa. Ezintweni ezinemibala eminingi, umbala ngamunye kufanele usetshenziswe kungqimba ehlukile kanye nesifanekiso esihlukile esisetshenziselwa uyinki ngamunye.
2. Kungani usebenzise ukuphrinta kwesikrini
Esinye sezizathu ezenza ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta isikrini busetshenziswe kabanzi yingoba bukhiqiza imibala egqamile nasezingutsheni ezimnyama. Uyinki noma upende ubuye ubekwe ezingxenyeni eziningi phezu kwendwangu noma iphepha, ngaleyo ndlela unikeze ucezu oluphrintiwe ukuthinta okwanelisayo.
Ubuchwepheshe futhi buyathandwa ngoba buvumela amaphrinta ukuthi akopishe kalula imiklamo izikhathi eziningi. Njengoba umklamo ungakopishwa ngokuphindaphindiwe usebenzisa isikhunta esifanayo, kuyasiza ekudaleni amakhophi amaningi engubo efanayo noma isesekeli. Uma iqhutshwa iphrinta enolwazi isebenzisa imishini yobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka futhi ukudala imiklamo yemibala eyinkimbinkimbi. Yize ubunkimbinkimbi benqubo busho ukuthi inombolo yemibala engasetshenziswa iphrinta inomkhawulo, inokuqina okukhulu kunalokho okungazuzwa kusetshenziswa ukuphrinta kwedijithali kuphela.
Ukuphrinta isikrini kuyindlela edumile phakathi kwamaciko nabaklami ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza kabusha imibala egqamile nezithombe ezicacile. Ngaphandle kuka-Andy Warhol, abanye abaculi abaziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuphrinta isikrini bahlanganisa uRobert Rauschenberg, Ben Shahn, Eduardo Paolozzi, Richard Hamilton, RB Kitaj, Henri Matisse noRichard Estes.
3. Izinyathelo zenqubo yokuphrinta isikrini
Kunezindlela ezihlukene zokuphrinta isikrini, kodwa zonke zibandakanya amasu ayisisekelo afanayo. Ifomu lokunyathelisa esizoxoxa ngalo ngezansi lisebenzisa i-emulsion ekhethekile yokukhanya ukuze udale ama-stencil angokwezifiso; Ngenxa yokuthi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-stencil ayinkimbinkimbi, ijwayele ukuba uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lokunyathelisa kwezohwebo.
Isinyathelo 1: Idizayini iyadalwa
Okokuqala, iphrinta ithatha idizayini efuna ukuyidala emkhiqizweni wokugcina, bese iyiphrinta iyifaka efilimini ye-acetic ekhanyayo. Lokhu kuzosetshenziselwa ukwakha isikhunta.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Lungiselela isikrini
Okulandelayo, iphrinta ikhetha isikrini semeshi esifanelana nobunkimbinkimbi bedizayini nokuthungwa kwendwangu ephrintiwe. Isikrini sibe sesimbozwa nge-emulsion ye-photoreactive eqina lapho ithuthukiswa ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Veza okokugcoba
Ishidi le-acetate elinalo mklamo libe selibekwa esikrinini esifakwe i-emulsion bese wonke umkhiqizo ube usuvezwa ekukhanyeni okugqame kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwenza i-emulsion ibe lukhuni, ngakho ingxenye yesikrini embozwe umklamo ihlala iwuketshezi.
Uma umklamo wokugcina uzoqukatha imibala eminingi, isikrini esihlukile kufanele sisetshenziswe ukusebenzisa isendlalelo ngasinye sikayinki. Ukuze udale imikhiqizo enemibala eminingi, umshicileli kufanele asebenzise amakhono akhe ukuze adizayine isifanekiso ngasinye futhi asiqondise kahle ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umklamo wokugcina awunamthungo.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Geza i-emulsion ukuze wenze i-stencil
Ngemuva kokuveza isikrini isikhathi esithile, izindawo zesikrini ezingamboziwe umklamo zizoba lukhuni. Bese uhlanza ngokucophelela wonke ama-lotion angaqinile. Lokhu kushiya isigxivizo esicacile somklamo esibukweni ukuze uyinki udlule kuwo.
Isikrini sibe sesiyomiswa futhi iphrinta izokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthinta okudingekayo noma izilungiso ukuze yenze isigxivizo sisondele kumklamo wangempela ngangokunokwenzeka. Manje ungasebenzisa isikhunta.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Into isilungele ukuphrintwa
Isikrini sibe sesibekwa ngokucindezela. Into noma ingubo ezophrintwa ibekwe isicaba epuleti lokuphrinta ngaphansi kwesikrini.
Kunemishini eminingi yokunyathelisa ehlukene, kokubili eyenziwa ngesandla kanye ne-othomathikhi, kodwa imishini eminingi yesimanje yokunyathelisa ezohwebo izosebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa we-rotary disk ozishintshayo, njengoba lokhu kuvumela izikrini eziningana ezihlukene ukuba zisebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuphrinta umbala, le phrinta ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusebenzisa izendlalelo zombala ngamunye ngokulandelana okusheshayo.
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Cindezela uyinki esikrinini entweni
Isikrini siwela ebhodini eliphrintiwe. Engeza uyinki phezulu esikrinini futhi usebenzise isikrufu esimuncayo ukudonsa uyinki kubo bonke ubude besikrini. Lokhu kucindezela uyinki endaweni evulekile yesifanekiso, ngaleyo ndlela kugcizelelwe umklamo emkhiqizweni ongezansi.
Uma iphrinta idala izinto eziningi, phakamisa isikrini bese ubeka izingubo ezintsha epuleti lokuphrinta. Bese uphinda inqubo.
Uma zonke izinto seziphrintiwe futhi ithempulethi isifeze injongo yaso, isisombululo esikhethekile sokuhlanza singasetshenziswa ukususa i-emulsion ukuze isikrini siphinde sisetshenziswe ukudala ithempulethi entsha.
Isinyathelo sesi-7: Sula umkhiqizo, hlola bese uqeda
Umkhiqizo ophrintiwe ube usudluliswa kumshini wokomisa, "olapha" uyinki futhi ukhiqize umphumela obushelelezi, ongabuni. Ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo wokugcina udluliselwe kumnikazi omusha, uyahlolwa futhi uhlanzwe kahle ukuze kukhishwe zonke izinsalela.
4. Amathuluzi wokuphrinta isikrini
Ukuze uthole ukuphrinta okuhlanzekile, okucacile, ukucindezela kwesikrini kumele kube namathuluzi afanele ukuqedela umsebenzi. Lapha, sizoxoxa ngedivayisi ngayinye yokuphrinta isikrini, okuhlanganisa indima abayidlalayo enqubweni yokuphrinta.
| umshini wokuphrinta isikrini |
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuphrinta isikrini usebenzisa i-mesh mesh kanye ne-squeegee kuphela, amaphrinta amaningi akhetha ukusebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa ngoba uwavumela ukuthi aphrinte izinto eziningi ngendlela ephumelelayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umshini wokunyathelisa ubamba isikrini endaweni phakathi kwamaphrinti, okwenza kube lula kumsebenzisi ukushintsha iphepha noma izingubo zokugqoka ukuze ziphrintwe.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemishini yokunyathelisa: i-manual, i-semi-automatic kanye ne-automatic. Imishini yokunyathelisa yezandla isetshenziswa ngesandla, okusho ukuthi inzima kakhulu. Imishini yokucindezela i-semi-automatic ifakwe ngomshini ngokwengxenye, kodwa isadinga okokufaka komuntu ukushintshanisa izinto ezicindezelwe, kuyilapho umshini wokunyathelisa ozenzakalelayo uzenzakalela ngokugcwele futhi udinga okokufaka okuncane.
Amabhizinisi adinga inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi okuphrinta ngokuvamile asebenzisa imishini yokunyathelisa e-semi-automatic noma ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuthi angaphrinta ngokushesha, ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi enamaphutha amancane. Izinkampani ezincane noma izinkampani ezisebenzisa ukuphrinta isikrini njengendlela yokuzilibazisa zingase zithole imishini yokunyathelisa yedeskithophu (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "izandla") ezilungele kangcono izidingo zabo.
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Uyinki, umbala, noma upende uphushwa kusikrini semeshi futhi ungene entweni ezophrintwa, kudluliswe umbala wedizayini ye-stencil emkhiqizweni.
Ukukhetha uyinki akukhona nje ngokukhetha umbala, kunezinketho eziningi ezengeziwe. Kunama-inki amaningi ochwepheshe angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imiphumela ehlukene kumkhiqizo ophelile. Isibonelo, amaphrinta angasebenzisa oyinki abafuleshayo, oyinki abakhubazekile, noma oyinki abakhukhumele (abanwebeka ukuze bakhe indawo ephakanyisiwe) ukuze bakhiqize ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele. Iphrinta izophinde icabangele uhlobo lwendwangu yokuphrinta kwesikrini, njengoba abanye oyinki besebenza kangcono kwezinye izinto kunabanye.
Lapho iphrinta izingubo, iphrinta izosebenzisa uyinki ongawasheka ngomshini ngemva kokushiswa nokwelashwa. Lokhu kuzoholela ezintweni ezingabuni, ezigqoke isikhathi eside ezingagqokwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
| isikrini |
Isikrini ekuphrinteni kwesikrini siwuhlaka lwensimbi noma lokhuni olumbozwe ngendwangu enemeshi emihle. Ngokwesiko, le mesh yenziwe ngentambo kasilika, kodwa namuhla, ithathelwe indawo yi-polyester fiber, ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okufanayo ngentengo ephansi. Ubukhulu kanye nenombolo yentambo ye-mesh ingakhethwa ukuze ihambisane nendawo ezonyatheliswa noma ukuthungwa kwendwangu, futhi isikhala phakathi kwemigqa sincane, ukuze kutholakale imininingwane eyengeziwe ekunyatheliseni.
Ngemuva kokuthi isikrini simbozwe nge-emulsion futhi siveziwe, singasetshenziswa njengesifanekiso. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokuphrinta isikrini isiqediwe, ingahlanzwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.
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I-scraper i-scraper yerabha exhunywe ebhodini lamapulangwe, isibambo sensimbi noma sepulasitiki. Isetshenziselwa ukusunduza uyinki esikrinini semeshi futhi idlulele phezulu ukuze iphrintwe. Amaphrinta avame ukukhetha i-scraper efana ngosayizi wozimele wesikrini ngoba inikeza ukumbozwa okungcono.
I-scraper yerabha eqinile ifaneleka kakhulu ukuphrinta imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi enemininingwane eminingi, njengoba iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amakhona kanye nezikhala ekubunjweni zimunca ungqimba lukayinki ngokulinganayo. Lapho uphrinta imiklamo enemininingwane encane noma ukuphrinta kwendwangu, i-rubber scraper ethambile, ekhiqiza kakhulu ivame ukusetshenziswa.
| Isiteshi sokuhlanza |
Izikrini zidinga ukuhlanzwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa ukuze zisuse yonke iminonjana ye-emulsion, ukuze zisetshenziswe futhi ukuze zinyatheliswe kamuva. Ezinye izindlu zokuphrinta ezinkulu zingasebenzisa ama-vats oketshezi olukhethekile lokuhlanza noma i-asidi ukususa i-emulsion, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa kuphela usinki noma usinki kanye nepayipi lamandla ukuhlanza isikrini.
5.Ingabe uyinki wokuphrinta isikrini uzowasha?
Uma ingubo ifakwe isikrini ngokufanelekile uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe esebenzisa i-inki ewashekayo eshiswe ngokushisa, umklamo akufanele uwashwe. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umbala awufi, iphrinta idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyinki usethiwe ngokweziqondiso zomkhiqizi. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokumisa nesikhathi kuncike ohlotsheni lukayinki nendwangu esetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke imiyalelo idinga ukulandelwa uma iphrinta izodala into ehlala isikhathi eside egezekayo.
6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuphrinta kwesikrini nokuphrinta kwedijithali?
Ukuphrinta kwedijithali okulungele ukugqokwa okuqondile (i-DTG) kusebenzisa iphrinta yendwangu ezinikele (efana nephrinta yekhompyutha ye-inkjet) ukuze kudluliselwe izithombe ngqo kwezindwangu. Ihluka ekuphrinteni kwesikrini ngoba iphrinta yedijithali isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idizayini ngqo endwangu. Ngenxa yokuthi awekho ama-stencil, imibala eminingi ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kunokuba kufakwe imibala eminingi kusendlalelo esihlukile, okusho ukuthi indlela yokusebenza ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi noma enemibala eminingi.
Ngokungafani nokuphrinta kwesikrini, ukuphrinta kwedijithali kudinga cishe ukusetha, okusho ukuthi ukuphrinta kwedijithali kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu lapho uphrinta amaqoqo amancane ezingubo noma izinto ezizodwa. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isebenzisa izithombe zekhompyutha esikhundleni sezifanekiso, ilungele ukwenza izithombe noma imiklamo enemininingwane eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi umbala uphrintwa kusetshenziswa amachashazi ombala wesitayela se-CMYK kunoyinki wombala omsulwa, awukwazi ukunikeza umbala ofanayo ncamashi nokuqina kombala njengokuphrinta kwesikrini. Awukwazi futhi ukusebenzisa iphrinta yedijithali ukuze udale imiphumela ebhaliwe.
I-Siyinghong Garment Factoryunesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-15 kwezokugqoka, futhi unolwazi lweminyaka engu-15 embonini yokunyathelisa. Singakunikeza isiqondiso sokuphrinta ilogo yobungcweti kumasampuli/izimpahla zakho eziyinqwaba, futhi sincome izindlela zokuphrinta ezifanele ukuze senze amasampuli/izimpahla zakho eziyinqwaba ziphelele kakhulu. Ungakwazixhumana nathingokushesha!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-21-2023
