Inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda (1)

Ukukhethwa kokudaya kanye nenqubo yokuqeda kusekelwe kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo, imininingwane kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo oqediwe wendwangu, ezingahlukaniswa zibe ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi,idayinig, ukuphrinta, ukuqeda ngemuva kokuqeda njalo njalo.

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi

Imicu yemvelo iqukethe ukungcola, enkambisweni yokucubungula izindwangu futhi ifaka ukungcola, uwoyela kanye nokungcola okungcolile, ukuba khona kwalokhu kungcola, akugcini nje ngokuvimbela inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yokudaya nokuqeda ukucubungula, kodwa futhi kuthinta ukusebenza kokuguguleka kwendwangu.

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokwelashwa ukusebenzisa isenzo samakhemikhali nesokusebenza ngokomzimba ukususa ukungcola endwangu, ukwenza indwangu ibe mhlophe, ithambe, futhi ibe nokungena okuhle ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuthatha, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo efanelekile yokudaya, ukuphrinta kanye nokuqeda.

Ukotini: ukulungiswa kwendwangu eluhlaza, ukugawulwa, ukususwa kosayizi, ukubilisa, ukufiphaza, i-mercerizing. I-Polyester: ukulungiswa kwendwangu, okucwengisisiwe (i-alkali ewuketshezi, njll.), ukuncishiswa kabusha, ukubhukha, ukunciphisa isisindo se-alkali (i-alkali ewuketshezi, njll.).

Ukucula

Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokungena efektri yokunyathelisa nokudaya usuka emshinini wezindwangu, indwangu empunga kufanele ihlolwe kuqala, iguqulwe, ihlanganiswe, inyatheliswe futhi ithungwe, bese ishiswa.

Izizathu:

(1) endwangwini engashisi kakhulu, ubude obuhlukile;

(2) izinga lokuqeda alilihle, kulula ukungcolisa;

(3) ngokulandelana kokudaya nokuqeda uboya be-zhongyi, ukuphrinta nokudaya amaphutha.

Inhloso yokucula:

(1) ukuthuthukisa ukukhazimula kwendwangu; Thuthukisa isiphetho;

(2) ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-pilling (ikakhulukazi indwangu yefayibha yamakhemikhali);

(3) ukuthuthukisa isitayela, ukushaqeka kungenza indwangu ibe bushelelezi, ibe lukhuni.

Ukuklama usayizi

Enqubweni yokweluka, i-warp ibhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nokungqubuzana, okulula ukuphuka. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphuka kwe-warp, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuluka kanye nekhwalithi yendwangu empunga, kubalulekile ukulinganisa intambo ye-warp ngaphambi kokuluka. I-fibre entanjeni iyanamathela futhi ibambe ndawonye, ​​​​futhi yakha ifilimu eqinile ye-slurry ebusweni bentambo, okwenza intambo iqine futhi ibushelelezi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe amandla okuphuka kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwentambo.

Inhloso yokususa usayizi: Ngemva kokulinganisa, i-slurry ingena kuma-fiber bese inamathela kancane ebusweni be-warp. Ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwentambo, i-slurry ingcolisa uketshezi lokudaya nokuqeda ukucubungula, ivimbela ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-fiber nokufaka udayi nezinto zamakhemikhali, futhi yenza kube nzima ukwenza ukudaya nokuqeda ukucubungula.

(1) Isingeniso ku-slurry evame ukusetshenziswa

Udaka lwemvelo: isitashi, utshani basolwandle, utshani, njll.

Izakhiwo zesitashi:

① uma kwenzeka ukubola kwe-asidi;

② uma kwenzeka ukuqina kwe-alkali, ukuvuvukala;

③ uma kwenzeka ama-oxidants angabola;

④ ngokubola kwe-enzyme yokubola kwesitashi.

Udaka lwamakhemikhali: izinto ezitholakala ku-cellulose ezifana ne-hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), i-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-polyacrylic acid, i-polyester, njll.

Izakhiwo ze-PVA:

① izinzile ku-asidi kanye nesisekelo, i-viscosity ayinciphi;

② Ingcoliswa yi-oxidant.;

③ Ukusebenza okubanzi, ukuhambisana okuhle, akukho ukusabela okuxubile

(2) Izindlela zokususa usayizi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

1. Ukususa usayizi we-alkaline

Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zokudaya zasekhaya, kodwa izinga lokususa usayizi aliphezulu, futhi okunye ukungcola kungasuswa ngenkathi kususwa usayizi.

Indlela: Ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide dilute solution, i-starch slurry ngaphansi kwesenzo se-alkali dumped (noma ukuvuvukala) isenzakalo, akwenzeki ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukuze i-slurry esuka ku-gel iye kwi-sol, inciphise amandla okubopha phakathi kwe-fiber kanye ne-slurry, bese kusetshenziswa amandla okuwasha kanye nomshini ukuze isuswe. Ku-PVA kanye ne-polyacrylate slurry, iyakwazi ukuncibilikisa i-sodium hydroxide ezixazululweni ze-dilute.

(isitashi) ukususa usayizi we-enzyme

Ama-enzyme abizwa nangokuthi ama-enzyme, ama-biocatalysts.

Izici: izinga eliphezulu lokususa usayizi, hhayi i-fiber yokulimala, yesitashi kuphela, ayikwazi ukususa ukungcola.

Izici: a. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. b. Ukucaciswa: I-enzyme ingashukumisa ukusabela okukodwa noma ngisho nokusabela okuthile. c. Umsebenzi uthintwa izinga lokushisa kanye nenani le-PH.

Kuma-slurry esitashi noma ama-slurry axubile esitashi (okuqukethwe kwesitashi kuyagqama), i-amylase ingasetshenziswa ukusika ubukhulu.

Ukususa usayizi we-asidi

Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya akukuningi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kulula ukulimaza i-fiber, kuhlanganiswe kakhulu nezinye izindlela. Indlela enezinyathelo ezimbili iyasetshenziswa: ukususa usayizi we-alkali - ukususa usayizi we-asidi. Ukususa usayizi we-asidi kungenza i-starch hydrolyze, kususwe usawoti wamaminerali nokunye, bese kulungiswana.。

Ukususwa kobukhulu be-oxidation

I-oxidizing agent: I-NaBrO2 (i-sodium bromite) i-H2O2, i-Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, njll.

Isimiso: I-oxidizing agent ingaxuba futhi yonakalise zonke izinhlobo ze-slurry, isisindo sayo sama-molecule kanye ne-viscosity kuncishiswa kakhulu, ukuncibilika kwamanzi kuyakhuphuka, futhi i-slurry iyavinjelwa ukuthi inamathele ku-fiber, bese i-hydrolysate isuswa ngokugeza okusebenzayo.

(1) Ukubilisa

Inhloso yokubilisa ukususa ukungcola kwefayibha nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokucubungula zendwangu, ikakhulukazi ukumanzisa.

Ukungcola kwemvelo: Kwezindwangu zikakotini ezihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi izinto eziphilayo ezihlanganisiwe zefayibha noma izinto eziphilayo ezihlobene nazo, okuhlanganisa i-wax kawoyela, i-pectin, iphrotheni, umlotha, i-pigment kanye namagobolondo embewu kakotini.

Ukungcola okwenziwe: ukungcola okufana namafutha, i-antistatic agent kanye namafutha, ukugqwala kanye ne-slurry esele engeziwe ekucutshungulweni kokuphotha nokuluka.

Lokhu kungcola kuthinta kakhulu ukumanziswa kwendwangu futhi kuvimbele ukudaya nokuqedwa kwendwangu, futhi kumele kususwe ohlelweni lokuhlikihla nge-sodium hydroxide njengeyona nto eyinhloko kanye nama-surfactants njenge-assistant.

(2) Ukuhlanza

Ngemva kokubilisa, iningi lokungcola kwemvelo nokwenziweindwanguziyasuswa, kodwa ngezindwangu ezifakwe umbala okhanyayo nezinombala okhanyayo, kudingeka futhi ukufiphaza. Lokho ukususa umbala, ukuthuthukisa ubumhlophe njengenhloso eyinhloko yokucubungula ukufiphaza.

I-fiber yamakhemikhali ayinayo i-pigment, ngemva kokubilisa ibisimhlophe kakhulu, futhi i-fiber yekotini ngemva kokukhuhla i-pigment isakhona, ubumhlophe abubuhle, ngakho-ke ukumhlopheza kungokwemvelo kakhulu ku-fiber yekotini.

(3) I-Bleach

Uhlobo lwe-oxidation: i-sodium hypochlorite, i-hydrogen peroxide kanye ne-sodium chlorite, njll., esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-cotton fiber kanye nezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe.

Okuncishisiwe: I-NaHSO3 kanye ne-inshuwalense powder, njll., esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindwangu ze-protein fiber.

(4) Ukumhlopheza kwe-sodium hypochlorite:

Ukufiphaza i-sodium hypochlorite kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufiphaza izindwangu zikakotini kanye nezindwangu ezixutshwe ukotini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziselwa nokufiphaza izindwangu ezixutshwe ukotini ze-polyester. Kodwa-ke, akukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufiphaza imicu yamaprotheni efana nesilika noboya, ngoba i-sodium hypochlorite inomphumela omubi kuma-fiber amaprotheni, futhi yenza imicu ibe phuzi futhi yonakale. Enkambisweni yokufiphaza, ngaphezu kokubhujiswa kwemibala yemvelo, i-fiber kakotini ngokwayo ingase yonakale, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulawula izimo zenqubo yokufiphaza, ukuze ikhwalithi yokubukeka kanye nekhwalithi yangaphakathi ifaneleke.

Kulula ukukhiqiza i-sodium hypochlorite, ishibhile, ukusebenza kwe-sodium hypochlorite bleaching kulula, kuyimishini elula, kodwa ngoba i-sodium hypochlorite bleaching ayilungile ekuvikeleni imvelo, ngakho-ke kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo yi-hydrogen peroxide.

(5) I-hydrogen peroxide bleaching H2O2:

I-hydrogen peroxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hydrogen peroxide, inefomula yama-molecule i-H2O2. Ukufiphaza kwe-hydrogen peroxide kubizwa ngokuthi ukufiphaza kwe-oxygen. Ukuqina kwesisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide kubi kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hydrogen peroxide yezentengiselwano ayina-asidi eningi.

Indwangu efakwe i-hydrogen peroxide imhlophe kahle, inombala omsulwa, futhi akulula ukuyishintsha ibe phuzi uma igcinwa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakeni indwangu kakotini ibe mhlophe. Ukufiphaza i-oxygen kunokuzivumelanisa nezimo okukhulu kunokufiphaza i-chlorine, kodwa i-hydrogen peroxide iphakeme kunentengo ye-sodium hypochlorite, futhi ukufiphaza i-oxygen kudinga imishini yensimbi engagqwali, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, izindleko ziphakeme kunokufiphaza i-chlorine.

Njengamanje, indlela yokufiphaza umusi evulekile isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokunyathelisa nokudaya. Le ndlela inezinga eliphezulu lokuqhubeka, ukuzenzakalela kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukugeleza kwenqubo okulula futhi ayikhiqizi ukungcola kwemvelo.

5. I-mercerized (indwangu kakotini)

Izindwangu ezingaphansi kwesimo esithile sokuxineka, ngosizo lwe-caustic soda egxilile, futhi zigcine usayizi odingekayo, zingathola ukukhanya okusilika, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-mercerization.

(1) Inhloso yokuthengiswa kwempahla:

A. Thuthukisa ukucwebezela kobuso kanye nomuzwa wendwangu, ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwefayibha, ukuhlelwa kwefayibha kuhlelekile kakhudlwana, futhi ukukhanya kukhanya njalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukucwebezela.
B. Khulisa izinga lombala wokudaya ngemva kokuqeda i-mercerizing, indawo yefayibha iyancipha, indawo engenasimo iyanda, futhi amadayi angase angene kakhulu kumafayibha, izinga lokufaka imibala kunefayibha kakotini ene-mercerized landa ngo-20%, futhi ukukhanya kuthuthukisiwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa amandla okumboza ngaphambili afile.
C. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kobukhulu, i-mercerizing iqedele umphumela wokuklama, ingasusa imibimbi yentambo, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi zokudaya nokuphrinta imikhiqizo eyingxenye nengxenye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngemuva kwe-mercerizing, ukuzinza kokuguquguquka kokwandiswa kwendwangu kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuncipha kwendwangu.

6. Ukucwenga, ukunciphisa ngaphambi kokwenza (indwangu yefayibha yamakhemikhali)

Inhloso yokucwenga ngaphambi kokunciphisa ikakhulukazi ukususa uwoyela, udaka kanye nokungcola okufakwe endwangu (i-fiber) ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthuthwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanye ama-oligomer ku-fiber nawo angancibilikiswa ekucwengisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Indwangu empunga kufanele incibilikiswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwenani le-alkali, futhi izithasiselo ezifana ne-olein kanye ne-caustic soda kufanele zifakwe ikakhulukazi. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwendwangu ye-fiber yamakhemikhali kwenziwa emshinini wokudaya oshisa kakhulu kanye nomshini wokudaya ocindezela kakhulu.

7. Ukunciphisa i-alkali (indwangu yefayibha yamakhemikhali)

(1) Isimiso kanye nomphumela wokunciphisa i-alkali

Ukwelashwa kokunciphisa i-alkali inqubo yokwelapha indwangu ye-polyester ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye ne-lye evuthayo egxilile. I-fiber ye-polyester iyachithwa futhi iphulwe yi-ester bond ye-polyester molecular chain ebusweni be-fiber kusisombululo samanzi se-sodium hydroxide, futhi imikhiqizo ye-hydrolysis enamazinga ahlukene e-polymerization iyakhiwa njalo, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa i-sodium terephthalate encibilikayo emanzini kanye ne-ethylene glycol. Imishini yokunciphisa i-alkali ihlanganisa kakhulu umshini wokudaya ngokugcwala, umshini wokunciphisa okuqhubekayo, umshini wokunciphisa ngokuqhubekayo izinhlobo ezintathu, ngaphandle komshini wokudaya ngokugcwala; Imishini yokunciphisa ngokuqhubekayo nangesikhathi esifushane ingaphinda isebenzise i-lye esele. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokubukeka kwesimo nosayizi wendwangu empunga kweminye imikhiqizo yokunciphisa i-alkali, kuyadingeka ukwengeza inqubo enqunyiwe, bese ufaka inqubo yokudaya.