Inqubo yokudaya nokuqeda (1)

Ukukhethwa kwenqubo yokudaya nokuqeda kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo, ukucaciswa kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo oqediwe wendwangu, ezingahlukaniswa zibe ukwelashwa kwangaphambili,idayig, ukuphrinta, ukuqeda ngemuva nokunye.

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili

Imicu yemvelo iqukethe ukungcola, ekucubunguleni izindwangu zendwangu futhi yengeza i-slurry, amafutha kanye nokungcola okungcolile, ukuba khona kwalokhu kungcola, akuvimbeli nje inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yokudaya nokuqeda ukucubungula, kodwa futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kokugqoka kwendwangu.

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ukusebenzisa isenzo samakhemikhali nesomzimba ukususa ukungcola kwendwangu, ukwenza indwangu ibe mhlophe, ithambe, futhi ibe nokungena kahle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthatha, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo efanelekayo yokudaya, ukuphrinta nokuqeda.

Ukotini: ukulungiswa kwendwangu eluhlaza, ukucula, ukwenza i-desizing, ukubilisa, ukuxubha, ukwenza i-mercerizing. I-Polyester: ukulungiswa kwendwangu, ecwengiwe (i-alkali ewuketshezi, njll.), ukuncipha, ukubhuka, ukunciphisa isisindo se-alkali (i-alkali ewuketshezi, njll.).

Ukucula

Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokungena embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya kusukela emshinini wendwangu, indwangu empunga kufanele iqale ihlolwe, iguqulwe, ixutshwe, iphrinte futhi ithungwe, bese iculwa.

Izizathu:

(1) engutsheni engashoni phansi kakhulu, ubude obuhlukene;

(2) izinga lokuqeda liphansi, ukungcoliswa kalula;

(3) ngokulandelana kwe-zhongyi wool ukudaya nokuqeda, ukuphrinta nokudaya amaphutha.

Inhloso yokucula:

(1) ngcono ukucwebezela kwendwangu; Thuthukisa isiphetho;

(2) ngcono ukumelana pilling (ikakhulukazi indwangu fibre chemical);

(3) ngcono isitayela, singeing kungenza indwangu iba crisp, base amathambo.

Ukunciphisa

Enqubweni yokweluka, i-warp ibhekana nokushuba okukhulu nokungqubuzana, okulula ukuhlephuka. Ukuze unciphise ukuphuka kwe-warp, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuluka kanye nekhwalithi yendwangu empunga, kuyadingeka ukukala intambo ye-warp ngaphambi kokulukwa. I-fiber entanjeni iyanamathela futhi ibambene ndawonye, ​​futhi yakhe ifilimu eqinile ye-slurry ebusweni bentambo, yenza intambo iqine futhi ibushelelezi, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla okuphuka kanye nokuqina kokuqina kwentambo.

Inhloso yokwenza usayizi: Ngemva kokulinganisa, udaka lungena emiculweni futhi ngokwengxenye lunamathele ebusweni be-warp. Ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwentambo, i-slurry ingcolisa uketshezi lokudaya nokuqeda ukucubungula, ivimbela ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwemicu kanye nokudaya nezinto zamakhemikhali, futhi yenza kube nzima ukwenza ukudaya nokuqedela ukucubungula.

(1) Isingeniso sodaka olusetshenziswa kakhulu

I-slurry yemvelo: isitashi, i-seaweed gum, i-gum, njll.

Izakhiwo zesitashi:

① esimweni sokubola kwe-asidi;

② esimweni sokuzinza kwe-alkali, ukuvuvukala;

③ endabeni oxidants kungenziwa ukubola;

④ ngokubola kwe-enzyme yokubola isitashi.

I-Chemical slurry: okuphuma ku-cellulose njenge-hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), i-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-polyacrylic acid, i-polyester, njll.

Izici ze-PVA:

① uzinzile ku-asidi nesisekelo, i-viscosity ayinciphisi;

② Yehliswa i-oxidant.;

③ Ukusebenza okubanzi, ukuhambisana okuhle, akukho ukusabela okuxubile

(2) Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-alkaline

Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zokudaya ezifuywayo, kodwa izinga le-desizing aliphezulu, futhi okunye ukungcola kungasuswa ngenkathi kukhishwa.

I-Mechanism: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide dilute solution yokwelapha, isitashi slurry ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuvuvukala kwe-alkali (noma ukuvuvukala) okwenzekayo, akwenzeki ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukuze udaka olusuka kujeli luye ekujuleni, lunciphise amandla okubopha phakathi kwefayibha kanye ne-slurry, bese kusetshenziswa ukugeza namandla omshini ukuwususa. Ku-PVA kanye ne-polyacrylate slurries, iyakwazi ukuncibilikisa i-sodium hydroxide ku-dilute solutions.

(isitashi) ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme

Ama-enzyme abizwa nangokuthi ama-enzyme, ama-biocatalysts.

Izici: izinga eliphezulu le-desizing, hhayi i-fiber yokulimala, kuphela isitashi, ayikwazi ukususa ukungcola.

Izici: a. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. b. Ukucaciswa: I-enzyme ingadala ukusabela okukodwa noma ukusabela okuthile. c. Umsebenzi uthintwa izinga lokushisa kanye nevelu engu-PH.

Kuma-slurries esitashi noma ama-slurries axutshwe isitashi (okuqukethwe isitashi kuyakhola), i-amylase ingasetshenziselwa ukukhishwa.

Ukunciphisa i-Acid

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwasekhaya aluningi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kulula ukulimaza i-fiber, kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela. Indlela yezinyathelo ezimbili iyamukelwa: i-alkali desizing - ukukhishwa kwe-asidi. Ukukhishwa kwe-Acid kungenza isitashi sibe yi-hydrolyze, kususe usawoti wamaminerali njalonjalo, futhi kwenzane..

Ukuntuleka kwe-oxidation

I-ejenti ye-oxidizing: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, njll.

Isimiso: I-ejenti ye-oxidizing ingakwazi ukwenza i-oxidize futhi ilulaze zonke izinhlobo ze-slurry, isisindo sayo samangqamuzana kanye ne-viscosity iyancishiswa kakhulu, ukuncibilika kwamanzi kuyanda, futhi i-slurry ivinjelwa ekunamatheleni ku-fiber, bese i-hydrolyzate isuswa ngokuwasha okuphumelelayo.

(1) Ukubilisa

Inhloso yokubilisa ukususa ukungcola kwefayibha kanye nokwenza ngcono izindawo zokucubungula zendwangu, ikakhulukazi ukumanzisa.

Ukungcola kwemvelo: Ezindwangu zikakotini ezimsulwa, ikakhulukazi i-fiber co-organisms noma izinto eziphilayo ezihambisanayo, okuhlanganisa i-wax kawoyela, i-pectin, iphrotheni, umlotha, i-pigment namagobolondo e-cottonseed.

Ukungcola kokwenziwa: ukungcola okufana nowoyela, i-antistatic agent namafutha, ukugqwala nodaka olusele lwengezwe ekucubungulweni kokuphotha nokuluka.

Lokhu kungcola kuthinta kakhulu ukumanzisa kwendwangu futhi kuvimbela ukudaywa nokuqedwa kwendwangu, futhi kufanele kususwe ohlelweni lokukhuhla nge-sodium hydroxide njengento eyinhloko kanye nama-surfactants njenge-axiliary.

(2) Ukuhlanza

Ngemva abilayo, iningi ukungcola yemvelo kanye yokwenziwa on theindwanguziyasuswa, kodwa ezindwangu ezimhlophe nezinombala okhanyayo, ukuhlanza kuyadingeka. Okungukuthi ukususa i-pigment, ukuthuthukisa ubumhlophe njengenhloso eyinhloko yokucubungula i-bleaching.

I-Chemical fibre ayinayo umbala, ngemuva kokuba ukubilisa kube mhlophe kakhulu, futhi i-cotton fiber emva kokukhuhla umbala isekhona, ubumhlophe abulungile, ngakho-ke ukucwazimula kungenxa yokungcola kwemvelo ku-cotton fiber.

(3) Ibhulashi

Uhlobo lwe-oxidation: i-sodium hypochlorite, i-hydrogen peroxide ne-sodium chlorite, njll., ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ku-cotton fiber nezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe.

Kuncishisiwe: I-NaHSO3 kanye nempushana yomshuwalense, njll., ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa izindwangu ze-fiber fiber.

(4) I-sodium hypochlorite bleaching:

I-sodium hypochlorite bleaching isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxubeni izindwangu zikakotini nezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe zikakotini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubuye kusetshenziselwe ukwenza i-bleaching polyester cotton blended fabrics. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-protein fibers abe bleaching njengosilika noboya, ngoba i-sodium hypochlorite inomphumela olimazayo kuma-protein fibers, futhi yenza imicu ibephuzi futhi ilimale. Enkambweni ye-bleaching, ngaphezu kokubhujiswa kwezingulube zemvelo, i-cotton fiber ngokwayo ingase yonakaliswe, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulawula izimo zenqubo ye-bleaching, ukuze izinga lokubukeka kanye nekhwalithi yangaphakathi ifaneleke.

I-sodium hypochlorite kulula ukwenza, izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza kwe-sodium hypochlorite bleaching kulula, imishini elula, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-sodium hypochlorite bleaching imbi ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ngakho kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo yi-hydrogen peroxide.

(5) Ukuhlanza nge-hydrogen peroxide H2O2:

I-hydrogen peroxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hydrogen peroxide, inefomula ye-molecular H2O2. I-hydrogen peroxide bleaching ibizwa ngokuthi i-oxygen bleaching. Ukuzinza kwesixazululo se-hydrogen peroxide kubi kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hydrogen peroxide yezentengiselwano iba ne-asidi ebuthakathaka.

Indwangu efakwe i-hydrogen peroxide inobumhlophe obuhle, umbala omsulwa, futhi akulula ukuthi ibe phuzi uma igcinwe. Isetshenziswa kakhulu endwangu kakotini emhlophe. Ukuhlanza umoya-mpilo kunokuguquguquka okukhulu kunokusebenzisa i-chlorine bleaching, kodwa i-hydrogen peroxide iphakeme kunentengo ye-sodium hypochlorite, futhi ukuhlanza umoya-mpilo kudinga imishini yensimbi engagqwali, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, izindleko ziphakeme kunokusebenzisa i-chlorine bleaching.

Njengamanje, indlela yokuhlanza isitimu evuleke ngobubanzi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokunyathelisa nezokudaya. Le ndlela inezinga eliphezulu lokuqhubeka, i-automation kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukugeleza kwenqubo elula futhi akukhiqizi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

5. I-Mercerized (indwangu kakotini)

Izindwangu ngaphansi kwesimo esithile sokucindezeleka, ngosizo lwe-caustic soda egxilile, futhi ugcine ubukhulu obudingekayo, ungathola i-silky luster, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-mercerization.

(1) Inhloso ye-mercerization:

A.Thuthukisa i-gloss ebusweni nokuzwakala kwendwangu, ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-fiber, ukuhlelwa kwe-fiber kuhlelekile, futhi ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kuvame kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukucwebezela.
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C. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwe-dimensional i-mercerizing iphothule umphumela wokuklama, ingaqeda imibimbi yezintambo, okwengeziwe kungahlangabezana nezimfuneko zekhwalithi zokudaya nokuphrinta imikhiqizo enguhhafu nengxenye. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngemva kwe-mercerizing, ukuzinza kwe-deformation yokwandisa indwangu kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuncipha kwendwangu.

6. Ukucwenga, ukuncipha ngaphambili (indwangu ye-fiber yamakhemikhali)

Inhloso yokucwenga ngaphambi kokuncipha ngokuyinhloko ukususa uwoyela, i-slurry kanye nokungcola okukhangiswa kwendwangu (i-fiber) ngesikhathi sokweluka isitoreji nokuthutha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanye ama-oligomers ku-fiber nawo angancibilika ekucwengeni izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Indwangu empunga kufanele ishwabene ngaphambi kwenani le-alkali, futhi izithasiselo ezifana ne-olein ne-caustic soda kufanele zengezwe ngokuyinhloko. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwendwangu ye-fiber yamakhemikhali kwenziwa ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomshini wokudaya ocindezelayo.

7.Ukuncishiswa kwe-alkali (indwangu ye-fiber yamakhemikhali)

(1) Isimiso nomthelela wokunciphisa i-alkali

Ukwelashwa kokunciphisa i-alkali kuyinqubo yokwelapha indwangu ye-polyester ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-lye evuthayo egxilile. I-polyester fiber i-hydrolyzed futhi iphulwa yi-ester bond ye-polyester molecular chain ebusweni be-fiber ku-sodium hydroxide solution, futhi imikhiqizo ye-hydrolysis enamadigri e-polymerization ehlukene iyaqhubeka kwakheka, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa i-sodium terephthalate encibilikayo emanzini kanye ne-ethylene glycol. Imishini yokunciphisa i-alkali ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa umshini wokudaya ochichimayo, umshini wokunciphisa oqhubekayo, umshini wokunciphisa ngezikhathi ezithile izinhlobo ezintathu, ngaphandle komshini wokudaya ochichimayo; Imishini yokunciphisa eqhubekayo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ingaphinda isebenzise i-lye esele. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokuma kokubukeka nosayizi wendwangu empunga kweminye imikhiqizo yokunciphisa i-alkali, kuyadingeka ukwengeza inqubo enqunywe kusengaphambili, bese ufaka inqubo yokudaya.