1. Kunganiilineniuzizwa upholile?
Ilineni libonakala ngokuthinta okupholile, linganciphisa inani lokujuluka, izinsuku ezishisayo gqoka ukotini omsulwa, umjuluko uphindwe ka-1.5 kunelineni. Uma unelineni elikuzungezile bese uligoqa esandleni sakho, uzothola ukuthi ilineni elisesandleni sakho lihlala lipholile futhi alishisi. Zama elakotini. Lizoshisa ngemva kwesikhashana.
IlineniKupholile ukukugqoka ehlobo ngoba kuyi-fiber yemvelo ethambile kakhulu futhi ethambile kakhulu.
I-flax uhlobo lwemifino, i-flax ingama-eminingi yezinhlobo, imboni yezindwangu isebenzisa i-fiber flax, ukukhula kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ububanzi benduku buncane kakhulu, ukuphakama kuvame ukuba phakathi kwamamitha ayi-1 ~ 1.2, ububanzi benduku buvame ukuba phakathi kuka-1 ~ 2cm.
I-flax emjikelezweni wokukhula wezinsuku ezingu-30-40, njalo nge-1kg yokukhula kwe-flax, ukunikeza ama-470kg amanzi, ngakho-ke i-flax ngokwemvelo inomswakama oqinile kanye namandla okuthutha amanzi.
Ngaphansi kwe-microscope yama-electron, i-flax fiber ibukeka njenge-bamboo engenalutho, lesi sakhiwo se-flax fiber esingenalutho, sinendawo enkulu ethile, ngakho-ke i-flax fiber inezakhiwo eziqinile ze-hygroscopic kanye ne-hygroscopic. I-flax ingamunca isisindo sayo samanzi esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20, i-flax ingamunca amanzi angu-20%, futhi iqhubeke nomuzwa wokomile.
Kungenxa yezakhiwo eziqinile zelineni ezi-hygroscopic nezi-hygroscopic ukuthi ukugqoka izingubo zelineni noma amashidi elineni okulala ehlobo kuveza i-capillary phenomenon lapho kuthintana nesikhumba, futhi ukujuluka komuntu kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi kumuncwa ngokushesha futhi kuholele emicu yelineni, okwenza umzimba womuntu uzizwe ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa futhi isikhumba sihlale somile. Yingakho i-flax izizwa ipholile.
2. Kungani ilineni lingenawo ugesi oqinile?
I-flax, i-hemp, i-flax kanye neminye imicu ye-hemp cishe ayinawo ugesi oqhubekayo. Ukubuyiswa komswakama okuvamile kwe-flax (okungaqondwa kalula njengokuqukethwe kwamanzi kuma-fiber e-flax) kungu-12%, okuphakeme kakhulu kuma-fiber ezitshalo zemvelo. Uma kuhlanganiswa nesakhiwo esingenalutho se-flax, inesakhiwo esinamandla se-hygroscopic, ngakho-ke ibhalansi yokushaja enhle nembi ye-flax fiber ayikhiqizi ugesi oqhubekayo.
Inzuzo yokungakhiqizi ugesi ongaguquki ukuthi izingubo zelineni ngeke zibe seduze ngenxa kagesi ongaguquki, futhi akulula ukumunca uthuli nezinye izinto eziphilayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezingubo, ilineni liyindwangu enhle kakhulu yendwangu yasekhaya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imibhede, amakhethini, noma izembozo zesofa, ingagcinwa ihlanzekile isikhathi eside futhi inciphise ukuhlanzwa. Ezindwangu ezivamile, isidingo esiyinhloko sokufaka ilineni elingu-10%, elingavimbela ngempumelelo ugesi ongaguquki.
3. Kungani ilineni lilungele ukuvikelwa kwe-UV?
(1) I-fibre yefilakisi, equkethe i-hemicellulose emunca i-UV.
(2) Ubuso befibre yefilakisi bunombala wemvelo futhi bungabonakalisa ukukhanya okuthile.
Imboni yezindwangu idinga i-cellulose emicu yezitshalo. I-flax ihlukile kukotini, okuyisithelo futhi ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-cellulose, enokungcola okuncane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-fibre yefilakisi iyi-fibre ephuma esiqwini sefilakisi. Ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokucubungula, i-fibre yefilakisi ingatholakala ingxenye encane. Ihekthare (amahektha ayi-100) lomhlaba lingakhiqiza amakhilogremu angu-6,000 ezinto zokusetshenziswa zefilakisi, ngemva kokushaya i-hemp - ikamu, lingakhiqiza amakhilogremu angu-500 libe yi-filakisi emfushane, amakhilogremu angu-300 libe yi-filakisi emfushane, i-fibre ende yefilakisi engamakhilogremu angu-600.
Ku-fiber yefilakisi, okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose kungu-70 kuya ku-80% kuphela, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-gum esele (i-linolenin symbiosis) kungu:
(1) I-Hemicellulose: 8%~11%
(2) I-Lignin: 0.8%~7%
(3) I-lipid wax: 2%~4%
(4) I-Pectin: 0.4%~4.5%
(5) Izinto ze-nitrogen: 0.4%~0.7%
(6) Okuqukethwe komlotha: 0.5% ~ 3%
Eqinisweni, izici eziningi ze-flax fiber, njengokuzizwa okuqinile, ukuvikelwa kwe-UV, ukulahleka kwezinwele, kungenxa yalezi colloid.
I-fibre ye-flax, equkethe i-hemicellulose engu-8% ~ 11%, lezi zingxenye ze-hemicellulose ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zakhiwe yi-xylose, i-mannose, i-galactose, i-arabinose, i-rhamnoose namanye ama-copolymer, manje inqubo ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwe-hemicellulose kunikeza i-flax isivikelo esihle kakhulu se-UV.
4. Kungani i-flax ethile izwakala ilukhuni, ihlaba kancane, futhi ingabi lula ukuyidaya?
Ngoba i-flax iqukethe i-lignin. I-Lignin ingenye yezingxenye zodonga lweseli le-flax, ikakhulukazi ikhona ezicutshini ze-xylem kanye ne-phloem zesiqu se-flax, futhi idlala indima esekelayo ku-flax. Amandla okubekezelela imiphumela ethile yemishini.
I-lignin etholakala ku-fiber ye-flax ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngemva kokucutshungulwa, okuqukethwe kwe-lignin cishe kungu-2.5% ~ 5% ngemva kwe-degum, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-lignin cishe kungu-2.88% ngemva kokucutshungulwa kube uboya be-flax obuluhlaza, futhi ubuncane be-flax encane yezinga eliphezulu bungalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1%.
I-flax lignin, i-hemicellulose, ngamafuphi, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-cellulose, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-gum. Imicu ye-flax, ngaphezu kwe-lignin gum, nayo ithinta umuzwa we-flax.
Kungenxa yokuthi kukhona i-lignin kanye ne-gum, ngakho-ke umuzwa we-flax uqinile, uyaphuka, uphakeme, awuqini kahle, futhi uyalunywa.
Futhi kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-gum, i-crystallinity ye-flax fiber iphakeme, ukuhlelwa kwama-molecule kuqinile futhi kuzinzile, akunakubhujiswa yizithasiselo zokudaya, ngakho-ke i-flax fiber akulula ukuyidaya, futhi ukushesha kombala ngemva kokudaya kuphansi kakhulu. Yingakho amalineni amaningi enziwe ngelineni.
Uma ufuna ukwenzailineniUkudaya kangcono, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukwenza ukwelashwa okuhle kokususa i-gumming, ngemva kokususa i-dumming kabili, ukudaya ilineni elihle kuzoba ngcono. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda egxilile, kubhubhise ukwakheka kwe-flax, ukwakheka kwe-flax yemvelo okungu-70%, ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali egxilile kwehliswe ku-50 ~ 60%, kungathuthukisa nomphumela wokudaya we-flax. Ngamafuphi, uma uhlangana nezingubo zelineni ezinemibala egqamile, kumele kube yizimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu, futhi intengo ngeke ibe eshibhile.
5. Kungani ilineni lishwabana kalula?
(1) I-fibre ekwazi ukumelana kahle ayilula ukuyishintshashintsha futhi ishwabane. I-fibre yezilwane, njengokotini, i-Modal kanye noboya, iyizakhiwo ze-fibre ezigoqekile futhi inokumelana okuthile nokuguquguquka.
(2) Izindwangu ezithungiwe zinesakhiwo esikhulu segebe, futhi ukuqina kokuguquguquka kunamandla kakhulu.
Kodwa le nto yeflakisi, isakhiwo sesilisa esiqondile sensimbi "esingenalutho", nayo ine-lignin nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke i-flakisi ayinwebeka, ayinakho ukuqina kokuguquguquka. Indwangu yelineni nayo ilukiwe kakhulu, futhi isakhiwo sendwangu asibuyiseli ukuqina. Ngakho-ke, ukugoqwa kweflakisi kufana nokuphula induku encane, engenakuvuselelwa.
Njengoba ilineni linemibimbi, empeleni, uma ugqoka izingubo zelineni, awukwazi ukuthatha umphumela wekotini, uboya, usilika njengereferensi.
Kufanele iklanywe futhi inqunywe ngezici zelineni, kumafilimu ezingubo aseYurophu naseMelika, izingubo ezivelayo zisekelwe kakhulu elineni, unganaka isitayela sakho osithandayo uma ubuka ifilimu, izingubo eziningi zelineni zisabukeka kahle kakhulu.
Manje kukhona nelineni elihle kakhulu, ngemva kokususa i-gumming kabili, i-lignin kanye nokulawulwa kwezinsini ezincane, ukwelashwa kwe-linen fiber kube nezici ze-cotton fiber, bese kuba ukotini, isikhunta kanye nezinye izinto ezihlanganiswe nezindwangu ezilukiwe, le ndwangu yelineni ephezulu ixazulula inkinga yokushwabana kwelineni, kodwa lolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo lusancane kakhulu, intengo ibiza kakhulu kune-cashmere nesilika, ugesi awuvamile, kulindeleke ukuthi uthandwe esikhathini esizayo.
6. Kungani abanye befaka i-flax bese beyilahla kalula?
Ngoba imicu yefilakisi imfushane kakhulu. Imicu yendwangu, emincane futhi ende kuphela, ingaphotha umugqa wentambo onenani eliphezulu, intambo enenani eliphezulu ibe nezinwele ezincane, akulula ukuyiphotha.
I-fibre yendabuko ye-flax isebenzisa indlela yokuphotha emanzi, i-fibre ye-flax isikwa ibe ubude obungaba ngu-20mm, kuyilapho ukotini, uboya, i-velvet nokunye ngokuvamile kungaba ngu-30mm, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fibre ye-flax imfushane kakhulu, kulula ukuyifaka izinwele. Kukhona futhi i-fibre emfushane engu-16mm ku-fibre ye-flax, futhi ukufaka i-pilling kuyinto engathi sína kakhulu.
Njengoba inqubo iqhubeka, manje sekukhona ne-cotton hemp fiber (i-linseed cotton), kanye ne-fine flax. Inqubo yesibili yokususa i-fibre ye-flax icutshungulwa ibe yi-fibre engu-30 ~ 40mm, esondelene nezici ze-cotton, uboya kanye ne-cashmere, futhi ingaxutshwa futhi ilukwe. Ngakho-ke kunomehluko omkhulu ngekhwalithi kanye nomehluko omkhulu ngentengo phakathi kwe-flax ne-flax.
7. Ingabe uwoyela wembewu yefilakisi uvela kufilakisi?
Akulona uhlobo olufanayo lwefilakisi, ifilakisi liyisitshalo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zefilakisi, ezihlukaniswe ngokusetshenziswa:
(1) I-Textile fiber flax: ikhula endaweni ebanda kakhulu
(2) I-flax yamafutha: ikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo
(3) I-oyili ne-fiber flax: ikhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nezishisayo
Ezweni lakithi, i-fibre flax ibizwa ngokuthi "i-flax", kanti uwoyela onamafutha ne-fibre ubizwa ngokuthi "i-flax", imbewu ye-flax ingenza uwoyela we-flax, owaziwa nangokuthi uwoyela wembewu ye-flax. I-oil flax emhlabeni iyindawo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ekhiqiza i-flax, umkhiqizo ungowesibili kuphela emva kweCanada, i-flax ikhula kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, ngomkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu e-Inner Mongolia.
Ilineni le-fibre kanye nelineni likawoyela kokubili kuyizinto zokusetshenziswa zokuluka ilineni, ukwenza izingubo zelineni kanye nezingubo zokulala zelineni esizidingayo. Phakathi kwazo, i-fibre flax etshalwe esifundeni esingaphansi kweqhwa, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi kungcono, izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu yilezi: iFrance, iNetherlands, iBelgium, kanye nesifunda sase-Heilongjiang saseShayina, ukukhiqizwa kwe-flax yendwangu kulezi zindawo, okubalwa cishe u-10% womkhiqizo we-flax womhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, i-flax ekhuliswe emhlabeni isakhiqiza uwoyela kakhulu, futhi ukudla kubaluleke kakhulu kunokugqoka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2024
